Research Interest
Technology-mediated services and experiences
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Hospitality-distinct experiences in tech-mediated services
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Gamification applications and the strategic allocation of its game elements
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Necessary conditions in consumer–AI interactions
Necessary causality and Necessary condition analysis (NCA)
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Necessity-based causal inference and experimentation
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Necessity theorizing in hospitality/tourism research
← Ongoing research
Journal Publications
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Wangoo Lee, Lu Lu. (2024). The hospitable thought that counts: An emerging theory of “AI consciousness” in genuine hospitality. Submitted to: International Journal of Hospitality Management, 123, 103928. [link]
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Wangoo Lee, Lu Lu, Xiang (Robert) Li. (2024) Unlocking the power of gamification: Alleviating reward-sensitivity in promotional interactions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 119, 103717. [link]
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Wangoo Lee, Lu Lu. (2023) Lined up? Examining a “waiting line” effect in technology-enabled menu orderings. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research. [link]
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Wangoo Lee, Lu Lu. (2023). Good theories predict: Unveiling the untapped potential of “necessity” theorizing. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research. [link]
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Wangoo Lee, Lu Lu (2023). Designing gamified interactions with self-service technology at restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 113, 103503. [link]
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Wangoo Lee, Suji Park, Chul Jeong (2022). Repositioning risk perception as a necessary condition of travel decision: The case of North Korea tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 52, 252-263. [link]
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Wangoo Lee, Chul Jeong (2021). Distinctive roles of tourist eudaimonic and hedonic experiences on satisfaction and place attachment: Combined use of SEM and Necessary Condition Analysis. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. 47, 58-71. [link]
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Wangoo Lee, Jung Kyu Lee (2021). Can Recreation Specialization Negatively Impact Pro-Environmental Behavior in Hiking Activity? A Self-Interest Motivational View. Leisure Sciences [link]
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Wangoo Lee, Lip Shin, Chul Jeong (2020). Leisure constraints negotiation among university students living in single-person households in South Korea. World Leisure Journal. 62(4), 357-377. [link]
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Wangoo Lee, Chul Jeong (2020). Beyond the correlation between tourist eudaimonic and hedonic experiences: necessary condition analysis. Current Issues in Tourism. 23(17), 2182-2194. [link]
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Wangoo Lee, Chul Jeong (2018). Effects of pro-environmental destination image and leisure sports mania on motivation and pro-environmental behavior of visitors to Korea's national parks. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 10, 25-35. [link]
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Na Young Mun, Wangoo Lee, Chul Jeong (2018). Traveling from South to North: the relationships between historical nostalgia, novelty seeking, and attitudes to visit North Korea. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 18(3), 170-191. [link]
Non-English publications:
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Wangoo Lee, Lip Shin, Chul Jeong (2020). Effect of airport service quality on destination image and tourist behavior: International airport as destination and its service as tourist experience. Journal of Tourism Studies, 32(1), 75-100. (In Korean)
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Wangoo Lee, Hyejeong Lee, Chul Jeong (2019). Effect of abusive supervision on turnover intention in hospitality industry: Moderated mediation of organizational trust by gender. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Studies, 12(4), 16-30. (In Korean)
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Wangoo Lee, Na Young Mun., Chul Jeong (2018). North Korea and nostalgia tourism: Beyond the novelty-familiarity continuum as antithetical poles. Journal of Tourism Studies, 30(4), 81-107. (In Korean) [Awarded as 2018 Best yearly article]
Research Method Book Chapter
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Wangoo Lee, Jan Dul, Zsofia Toth (2023). Application of NCA in hospitality and tourism. In Fevzi Okumus, S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh, & Shiva Jahani (Eds.), Cutting Edge Research Methods in Hospitality and Tourism. Melbourne, Australia: Emerald. [Invited by Book Editors; link]
Conference Presentation
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Lee, W., & Lu, L. (2024). Embodied AI hospitableness: Avatar-equipped restaurant self-service technology. IMPACT2024 Conference, Hong Kong
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Dan Jin, Wangoo Lee, Lu Lu (2024). Robotic intelligence: Collaborating with customer service robots at hotels. 29th Annual Graduate Education and Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism, Miami, FL
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Wangoo Lee, Lu Lu (2023). Suffering from review fatigue? AI-powered review summaries prompt preference-congruent behavior. 2023 Annual International CHRIE Summer Conference, Phoenix, AZ (Poster presentation)
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Pei Zhang, Lu Lu, Tingting Zhang, Wangoo Lee (2023). Customer co-creation of service recovery in robotic service encounter. 2023 Annual International CHRIE Summer Conference, Phoenix, AZ
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Wangoo Lee, Lu Lu (2023). Examining the “waiting line” effect during menu ordering with self-service technologies. 28th Annual Graduate Education and Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism, Orange County, CA [Awarded as a Conference Best Paper among 280 paper submissions]
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Suji Park, Wangoo Lee, Chul Jeong (2023). Exploring the "time deepening" phenomenon from temporary residents as a constraint negotiation strategy. 28th Annual Graduate Education and Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism, Orange County, CA
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Wangoo Lee, Lu Lu, Xiang (Robert) Li (2022). Building brand loyalty through “gamifying” a hotel loyalty program. 92nd TOSOK international conference, Busan, Korea.
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Wangoo Lee, Lu Lu (2022). “Gamified” self-service technology at restaurants: The Influences of game result, reward type, and reward size. 27th Annual Graduate Education and Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism, Houston, TX
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Wangoo Lee, Lu Lu (2021). Rethinking the threat of infectious diseases outbreak on park visitation: A necessary condition analysis. 26th Annual Graduate Education and Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism, Houston, TX [Finalist for Best Paper Award among 253 paper submissions]
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Wangoo Lee, Lu Lu (2021). Creating “gamified” self-service experiences by design. 26th Annual Graduate Education and Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism, Houston, TX (poster presentation)
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Hye-Jeong Lee, Wangoo Lee, Chul Jeong (2019). The meaning of leisure and work for airline employees. 85nd TOSOK international conference, Seoul, Korea.
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Wangoo Lee, Hyejeong Lee, Chul Jeong (2019). Abusive supervision in airline industry: Case study of Gapzil phenomenon in South Korea. 85th TOSOK international conference, Seoul, Korea.
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Wangoo Lee, Na Young Mun, Chul Jeong (2018). “Can North Korea be familiar and novel at the same time to South Koreans?”: Nostalgia tourism as counterevidence of novelty-familiar continuum paradigm. Philippine Research Conference of Tourism and Hospitality 2018, Baguio, Philippines.
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Nayoung Mun, Wangoo Lee, Chul Jeong (2018). Traveling from South to North: Relationship among historical nostalgia, novelty seeking, and attitudes to visit North Korea. 2018 Pan Asia International Tourism Conference, Seoul, Korea. [Awarded as Conference Best Paper (1st rank)]
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Ji Young Shin, Ijo Hyun, Wangoo Lee, Chul Jeong (2018). Different views in touristfication between residents and tourists: Based on Perceived tourism impact and tourist attitude. 2018 Autumn seasonal conference from Korean Hospitality and Tourism Academe, Seoul, Korea
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Suji Park, Wangoo Lee, Chul Jeong (2018). How does aging society affect tourism market? Application of age stratification theory. 83rd TOSOK International Tourism Conference, Incheon, Korea.
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Wangoo Lee, Jeonghwan Park, Chul Jeong (2018). Suggestion of consumer-based tourism development index for regional comparison utilizing text mining techniques. 83rd TOSOK International Tourism Conference, Incheon, Korea.
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Jung Kyu Lee, Edieser De La Santa, Wangoo Lee (2017). The effect of service quality of Philippines airports on destination image and recommendation intention: Views of Korean travel agency employees. Philippine Research Conference of Tourism and Hospitality 2017, Manila, Philippines.
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Wangoo Lee, Rielle Christian D. Alcantara (2017). Effects of the gap in basic psychological needs on happiness, place attachment, nostalgia, and revisit intention of tourists from the Philippines and South Korea. Philippine Research Conference of Tourism and Hospitality 2017, Manila, Philippines.
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Wangoo Lee, Hakeem Abdulelah, Chul Jeong (2017). The process of leisure constraint negotiation from university students living in single-person households in South Korea: based on grounded theory method. 82nd TOSOK international conference, Ulsan, Korea.
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Wangoo Lee, Ji Young Shin, Suji Park, Chul Jeong (2017). Pro-environmental destination image and leisure sports mania: their effects on motivation and pro-environmental behavior in Korea national parks. The 1st Global Congress of Special Interest Tourism & Hospitality, Beppu, Japan. [Awarded as Conference Best Paper]